Narrative Cooling Off: In-Depth Analysis of the Endgame of Dogecoin (DOGE)

By: blockbeats|2025/03/12 09:15:02
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Original Article Title: "In-Depth Analysis of Dogecoin's Endgame"
Original Article Author: b12 ny, PANews

Long considered the meme coin leader by the market, Dogecoin saw a price surge towards the end of 2024 due to the Trump and Musk effect during the US presidential election period. However, it then experienced a significant pullback with a drop of over 60%, in line with the overall decline in the meme coin sector, demonstrating that its short-term momentum is driven by market sentiment.

In terms of institutional adoption, Grayscale launched the Dogecoin Trust Fund in January 2025 (with a management fee of 2.5%). This trust fund is only open to accredited investors. Although the scale is still small (with nearly $2 million in AUM), its significance goes beyond the numbers, representing Dogecoin's formal entry into the institutional investable asset range. It is also seen as a key step in Dogecoin's transition from a meme-driven asset to institutional investment.

An ETF is being pushed by Bitwise, with an application submitted to the SEC for a Dogecoin ETF. If approved, this could further enhance its market liquidity. However, there have been no approval cases to date, and future developments will require observation of changes in the regulatory environment.

Dogecoin has both short-term speculative value and long-term potential for use cases. Its price has been highly correlated with Musk's tweets over the long term. X is actively exploring the integration of Dogecoin into its payment system. If Dogecoin is included in the X payment system, it would be the biggest market catalyst since 2021.

The future direction of development will depend on three key variables: payment applications, institutional investment, and chip movements.

Currently, Dogecoin still leans towards community-driven speculative assets. If X or Tesla expands payment applications, it may bring new market demand. In addition, the progress of the ETF application and regulatory policies will also affect institutional fund inflows, further altering Dogecoin's market structure. This article will provide an in-depth analysis of historical review, narrative economics, and chip structure to evaluate Dogecoin's current positioning and future potential opportunities.

Historical Review

Dogecoin was born in 2013. Initially created by Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer to satirize the bubble-like nature of the cryptocurrency market, it unexpectedly evolved into the world's most valuable meme coin. Dogecoin's historical development can be divided into several main stages:

2013 - 2017: Community-Driven and Charity Culture

· Reddit community driving $Doge to become the internet's tipping currency.

· Sponsored the Jamaican bobsled team to participate in the Winter Olympics in 2014.

· In 2015, Elon Musk first publicly expressed interest in $Doge.

2018 - 2020: Low Liquidity and Market Marginalization

· $Doge maintained a low price long-term with no clear narrative driving the market.

· Main liquidity came from community trading and did not receive institutional attention.

2021 - 2022: Elon Musk and the Meme Coin Craze

· The GME event and Musk's tweets propelled $Doge to a 100x increase in value within 4 months.

· $Doge's market cap briefly exceeded $900 billion, making it a top-three cryptocurrency.

· Mainstream trading platforms like Robinhood, Coinbase, Binance, and OKX listed $Doge.

2023 - 2025: Institutional Capital Entry and Paymentization Process

· Elon Musk's emotional impact from acquiring Twitter (now X) led to a rise in $Doge.

· Tesla started accepting $Doge as payment for some goods.

· If Trump is elected U.S. president, his crypto-friendly stance may drive related policies.

· X Money's code and related information circulating create market expectations that may support $Doge as a means of payment.

· Grayscale launched a $Doge Trust Fund, and Bitwise filed for a $Doge ETF.

Narrative Economy

$Doge's market value is primarily narrative-driven. These narratives determine $Doge's future development and liquidity sources, influencing the capital rotation patterns between institutions and retail investors.

Below are the current narratives influencing the market:

Meme coin leader and POW mechanism Musk effect on narrative payment narratives (Tesla, X Money) institutional investment and ETF applications

Meme Coin Leader and POW Mechanism

· Meme Coin Leader

Since the birth of $Doge, it was primarily driven by the Reddit community in its early days to become an Internet tipping feature. However, since the last bull run, it has established itself as the current meme coin leader largely due to its association with Musk. While it is mainly influenced by the overall market trend, it also has a long-term correlation with other meme coins and has catalyzed the creation of other meme coins.

For example, in 2021, tokens such as $Shib and $Floki were born, along with the then-popular $Babydoge. It is worth mentioning that compared to other "meme tokens" that are compatible or exist on public blockchains, $Doge is the largest market cap Proof of Work (POW) "meme coin" (second only to $BTC), with $LTC coming in third.

· POW Mechanism

In the previous bull run, you would often hear the phrase "Digital Gold, Silver, Doggie Copper" because their technological architecture is based on POW and their codes are similar. The biggest difference between $Doge and the others lies in its inflationary mechanism, with a fixed annual supply increase of 5 billion coins, while the other two have a maximum supply limit. The table below compares the information and mechanisms of the three:

Narrative Cooling Off: In-Depth Analysis of the Endgame of Dogecoin (DOGE)

Back in 2014, $LTC had a hash rate of up to 600 GH/s, while $Doge had less than 40 GH/s, resulting in a very low cost for attacking the DOGE network. It suffered from pool attacks and the Dogecoin Wallet was hacked, leading to a rapid price collapse of 95.26%. To enhance security, Litecoin's founder, Charles Lee, proposed that the Dogecoin community engage in merged mining with Litecoin (AuxPoW). This proposal sparked intense debate, and ultimately, the community chose to merge with Litecoin.

Through shared hash power, the overall network hash rate of $Doge continued to grow, increasing the cost of hacking DOGE and safeguarding the chain’s security. In addition, the income received by miners in $Doge also became their main source of revenue (early $LTC miners were also large holders of $Doge). Looking back, the merged mining at that time did bring about a win-win situation.

Musk Effect and the Relevance of $Doge

Everyone knows that in 2021, it was hyped up again, and the biggest driving force behind it was Musk. Over time, the market influence of $Doge and its connection with Musk has gradually expanded, including Musk's announcement on April 28, 2021, that he would appear on Saturday Night Live (SNL) and his live appearance on May 8, 2021.

During a livestream, when asked about what $Doge was, he jokingly replied, "It's a hustle," causing the price to plummet by 30% from $0.74. At that time, Grayscale's Barry Silbert even posted that he had shorted $Doge for $1 million on FTX, creating a domino effect. Now $Doge has become one of the coins in the Grayscale Trust, indicating a significant attitude shift.

Musk was a strong supporter of Trump during this election cycle. Last year, he even proposed a Department of Government Efficiency (abbreviated as D.O.G.E) to primarily focus on increasing government efficiency and reducing costs. Initially, the market linked this initiative to $Doge's price. In early January of this year, the official website briefly changed its logo to the $Doge symbol.

However, looking back from then to now, one can see that the overall environment has changed. The market no longer blindly buys into Musk's mere slogans or memes in tweets. Instead, the market is placing its upward expectations on Musk's potential other forms of support for $Doge.

Payment Narrative (Tesla, X Money)

In 2025, X announced the upcoming launch of the payment service X Money. This is a key step in Musk's efforts to transform X into an "All-in-one program." Based on the current information available, there are already several features such as wallets, instant transfers, QR code payments, and integration with Visa. Further integrated systems are expected to be released in the near future.

However, as a trader in the crypto space, what is more intriguing is whether the expected integration of X Money with $Doge will materialize. With Tesla's existing payment methods including $Doge (limited to certain products only), some news outlets have reported that some supercharging stations in the U.S. also support payment via charging.

Here is an interpretation based on the information currently available to me:

· Tesla

Based on @inevitable360's front-end code search, the code for "DOGECOIN" was found on the Cybertruck page. During the 2022-2023 period, I personally also found related codes such as "DOGEPAY" and "DOGECOIN" through front-end searches. Subsequently, Musk announced through a tweet the official opening of payment functionality. Therefore, in line with the payment narrative, it is highly likely that this year will see the realization of support for payment to purchase vehicles.

· X Money

Information released by @aaronp613 indicates that X is expected to launch X Money first in the United States. Since X Money has not yet received full approval in all 50 states, it may choose to initially launch in the 39 states where it has been approved. Through testing in some states, it will provide each user with a QR code, similar to scan-to-pay, enabling peer-to-peer transfers and remittances.

Based on personal past research and interpretation, it is believed that in April 2023, Elon Musk fulfilled his 2022 commitment by changing the then Bluebird logo to the $Doge dog logo, including briefly changing the D.O.G.E website logo to a dog. I believe Musk will honor his initial commitment or joke (as with the Twitter acquisition).

On a practical level, if X Money officially supports financial services, X can test the feasibility of payment services, optimize and expand based on market feedback. Regulation will become a speculative topic, whether X Money can overcome regulatory obstacles and may become a market focus, attracting speculative capital to $Doge, which can also become one of the universal methods for cross-border payments.

One of the most well-known instances was in 2022, when Vladimir Tenev, CEO of Robinhood, the largest $Doge holder address, stated that if Dogecoin wants to become an asset for future daily payments and transactions, it can address the low transaction throughput by increasing the block size and reducing the block time. Dogecoin co-founder and Musk also supported his views.

Tenev first mentioned that Dogecoin's transaction fees are already low enough to be a viable leader in electronic cash, but he believes that to achieve wider adoption, Dogecoin's block size and block time need improvement. Therefore, if the speed issue can be further improved (which I believe Musk would have no problem doing), coupled with the fact that Tesla has already implemented $Doge payment, the scenario of moving towards a payment application in conjunction with X Money could greatly expand globally.

Institutional Investment and ETF Application

· Institutional Investment

In addition to Grayscale's launch of the Dogecoin Trust Fund this year (with nearly $2 million AUM), seen as a key step for $Doge's transition from a meme-based approach to institutional investment, the Dogecoin Foundation is also dedicated to promoting and supporting Dogecoin's development.

The Foundation also announced the establishment of the "Core Development Fund" in early 2023, investing 5 million $Doge (approximately 360,000 USD) to support Dogecoin core developers' work. In November 2024, the Foundation issued a fundraising appeal, seeking support from large sponsors to drive Dogecoin's mass adoption in 2025. The funds will be used to build a decentralized payment infrastructure called "Dogebox" to help small and medium-sized businesses accept Dogecoin as a payment method.

Furthermore, the Foundation's members are also noteworthy. In 2021, the Foundation underwent a reorganization, and the Advisory Council members include: Dogecoin co-founder Billy Markus, core developer Max Keller, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin, and Musk's long-time partner Jared Birchall. These figures are well-known influencers in the community.

· ETF Application

At the beginning of February, Bloomberg analysts James Seyffart and Eric Balchunas made predictions about the approval likelihood of ETFs for $Sol, $Doge, $Ltc, and $Xrp:

$Doge (75%): As the largest meme coin, the 19b-4 filings submitted by Grayscale and Bitwise were approved by the SEC, giving it a higher approval probability.

On the institutional front, due to Trump's policies and statements favoring reduced regulation and market development, this has also increased the approval odds for a $Doge ETF. Therefore, the real issue is not whether it will pass but when it will pass.

I personally believe it must be approved by the end of this year at least to prevent the diminishing positive impact of the ETF narrative due to marginal effects. As more and more ETFs of various currencies are likely to be applied for and submitted, approval by the end of the year is crucial to raise market expectations for prices (from the perspective of liquidity order and volume).

If the leading meme coin $Doge is indeed approved as scheduled, its status and probability as a legitimate means of payment could significantly increase. This means that Trump's Crypto policy moving forward will also have a key impact on Musk's development in $Doge payments and the financial market.

Chip Structure

Due to the concentration of $Doge chips in a few addresses, the top 115 holders own 65.4% of the total circulation, with even Robinhood holding 21.06% of the chips. Therefore, a deep understanding and analysis of these chips' impact on price fluctuations can often reveal clues before the start and end of a trend. This analysis is also very helpful based on personal past trading experience. The table below compares the top 20 holdings to Robinhood's holdings:

According to the analysis of "Beyond Musk: Dogecoin's Real Price Catalyst?! Chip Distribution, Price Impact in One View! Quickly Grasp the Key Signals Before the Price Surges" on the $Doge top 20 holders, especially the on-chain transfer behavior of whale addresses, it can be observed that the timing of operations of these large $Doge holders is highly correlated with price movements. The table below shows the addresses with high correlation to price as analyzed in the article:

Reference to address transfer behaviors can assist in trade planning for buying at lows and selling at highs, as well as the selling pressure caused by large-scale transfers, often serving as a reference signal for short-term market trends. For traders, monitoring the movements of these addresses can provide analysis and assessment of future price trends. However, their market behavior indicates that the participation of large whale money adds complexity to their chip dynamics.

$Doge Current Positioning and Future Potential Opportunities

Based on past prices and cycles, it is highly likely to form a relative low point between 0.18 and 0.2 and once again break through the historical high. I have also expressed willingness to make a large purchase at 0.18 in previous tweets. If you ask me for a price prediction, I believe the probability of this cycle reaching $1 is the highest, just like the historical significance of $Btc reaching six figures.

Currently, $Doge still relies on market narratives and capital liquidity and may continue to experience high volatility in the medium term. Assuming key events such as X Money and ETF approval are realized as expected, it is possible for the meme coin to truly transform into a "payment-focused cryptocurrency."

This content represents my five years of in-depth understanding and analysis of Dogecoin since entering the industry. If you enjoy my content or would like to engage further, feel free to leave a comment or like and share.

See you on the moon.

Original Article Link

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Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


Original Article Link

$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


Arthur Hayes: Why I'm Betting on ETH While the Market Is Obsessed with SOL

"I personally have also allocated 20% to gold, expecting the price of gold to potentially rise to $10,000-20,000 by the end of this market cycle."

Key Market Insights for May 16th, how much did you miss out on?

1. On-chain Flows: $111.3M inflow to Ethereum this week; $237.6M outflow from Berachain 2. Largest Price Swings: $ETHFI, $NEIRO 3. Top News: Data: Solana Network's revenue reached $7.9M on the 13th, surpassing the sum of all other L1 and L2 chains

May 16 Key Market Information Gap, A Must-Read! | Alpha Morning Report

1. Top News: Coinbase Faces Double Blow with 'SEC Investigation' and 'User Data Breach,' Stock Price Drops by 7.2% 2. Token Unlocking: $ARB, $AVAX, $PRIME, $ASTR, $1INCH

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「mog/acc」 is rapidly sweeping through various figures, from Elon Musk to Garry Tan, boosting the project's visibility and ultimately driving up the price.

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